Description

1. An adult patient is being evaluated for secondary causes of hypertension due to resistant blood pressure and an onset of high blood pressure at an earlier age. He reports no family history of Which of the following mechanisms can cause secondary hypertension? Group of answer choices
2. A patient is evaluated for newly diagnosed Which vessel type is a major determinant of systemic blood pressure? Group of answer choices
3. An adult patient undergoes coronary balloon angioplasty to treat symptoms of unstable angina. Following the angioplasty procedure, the patient is at risk of restenosis due to a specific cellular response characterized by cell migration and proliferation within the vessel Which type of cell is predominantly involved in this process? Group of answer choices
4. A young man with Marfan syndrome presents to the emergency department with sudden, sharp chest pain radiating to the Imaging studies reveal an intimal flap in the ascending aorta and a false lumen with differential flow. Which of the following histologic features of the aortic wall most likely predisposed this patient to the described condition? Group of answer choices
5. An older adult man with a history of hypertension is brought to the emergency department by his family due to a sudden onset of chest pain that started 1 hour ago. If this is diagnosed as a myocardial infarction, which statement regarding the state of myocardial tissue is most accurate? Group of answer choices
6. An older adult man with a recent history of prolonged immobility following a hip replacement surgery presents to the clinic complaining of unilateral swelling, warmth, and pain in the left On ultrasound, there is evidence of a non-compressible segment in the left popliteal vein. Which of the following is the most immediate life-threatening complication to be aware of? Group of answer choices
7. A patient presents with a laceration on his forearm after accidentally cutting himself while cooking. Which of the following factors initiates the activation of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade? Group of answer choices
8. While examining a histological slide under the microscope, a student notices a blood vessel. To determine if it’s an artery, which of the following histological features should the student look for as being characteristic of arteries? Group of answer choices
9. A woman presents to the clinic with complaints of bulging, tortuous veins in her lower She is on her feet 8 hours a day due to her job. Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is most responsible for the development of this abnormality? Group of answer choices
10. An elderly adult undergoes an echocardiogram as part of a cardiovascular The nurse practitioner is focused on visualizing a valve with 2 leaflets that prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. Which valve is being visualized? Group of answer choices
11. A patient’s echocardiography demonstrates a significantly narrowed aortic valve orifice with left ventricular Which major category of cardiac pathology best explains this condition? Group of answer choices
12. An adult patient with a history of chronic hepatitis C presents with a sudden onset of dark urine and lower extremity rash. A biopsy of the rash reveals deposits of immune complexes in small blood Which of the following best describes the primary response that results in tissue damage in this patient’s condition? Group of answer choices
13. An adult patient presents with fever and a new regurgitation murmur. Blood cultures reveal the presence of Streptococcus viridans, and an echocardiogram shows vegetation on the mitral On examination, non-tender, erythematous macules are present on her palms. Which of the following best describes the underlying mechanism for this physical examination finding? Group of answer choices
14. An elderly patient with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath and fatigue on An echocardiogram shows a thickened aortic valve with decreased leaflet mobility. Which molecular event is predominantly responsible for the cellular changes observed in the affected tissue? Group of answer choices
15. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for the classic symptoms (chest pressure, dyspnea) of ischemic heart disease? Group of answer choices
16. An older adult patient presents with complaints of exertional dyspnea. On examination, jugular venous distention and bilateral pedal edema are An echocardiogram reveals a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. Which of the following mechancisms is contributing to the fluid retention observed in this patients? Group of answer choices
17. Which of the following cellular mechanisms is most directly involved in the pathogenesis of myocarditis? Group of answer choices