Description

Week 1

1. Question: A cellular function that occurs in all cell types is:
2. Question: Active mediated transport involves:
3. Question: The function of cellular energy metabolism and generation of most of the cell’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs in the:
4. Question: Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
5. Question: Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the lower extremities?
6. Question: Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due to aging?
7. Question: Which of the following statements is TRUE?
8. Question: Which term best describes an allele with an observable effect?
9. Question: Infusion of ______________ intravenous solutions promotes movement of water into cells, thus making the cells.
10. Question: Which electrolyte is the main intracellular electrolyte?
11. Question: Which patient is at the highest risk for developing hyponatremia?
12. Question: The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ___________ and ____________.
13. Question: Hyperkalemia is present when the level of potassium in the blood is higher than ______mEq/L.
14. Question: The nurse practitioner anticipates which of the following clients would be most at risk to develop hyperkalemia? The client:
15. Question: The nurse understands that a client with albuminuria has edema caused by a:
16. Question: A client with COPD is admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of the disease. Arterial blood gas results are pH 7.30 PCO2 51 and HCO3 25.  How would the nurse interpret these?
17. Question: A client has come to the office with a history of vomiting for 3 days. Which of the following ABG results would the nurse practitioner expect?

Week 2

18. Question: A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?
19. Question: Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.
20. Question: A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
21. Question: A 50-year-old female develops skin cancer on her head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is the most likely?
22. Question: A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and:
23. Question: Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?
24. Question: A 23-year-old male received a knife wound in a fight. His scar was sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging. This condition is caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.
25. Question: A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to:

Week 3

26. Question: Which of the following skin conditions is caused by a bacterial infection?
27. Question: What is the appropriate term for “inflammation of the hair follicle’?
28. Question: The superficial layer of the skin is referred to as the:
29. Question: Which statement is true regarding scleroderma?
30. Question: What is the most common type of skin cancer?
31. Question: What is the appropriate term for a “fungal infection of the scalp”?
32. Question: Which infections are caused by viruses? Select all that apply.
33. Question: Which of the following skin conditions is benign?
34. Question: The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this process?
35. Question: Students in a histology class are assigned to identify regions of the lung. The slide shows a basement membrane, capillary lumen, and macrophages. The students are looking at the:
36. Question: An aide asks a nurse how surfactant works. How should the nurse respond? Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:
37. Question: An aide asks a nurse how surfactant works. How should the nurse respond? Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:
38. Question: A 30-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustains trauma to the lungs and chest wall. He experiences respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect?
39. Question: A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication?
40. Question: A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume. He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient’s history, which finding is the most probable cause of his illness?
41. Question: A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The most likely diagnosis on the chart is:
42. Question: A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following findings is most likely to cause this condition?
43. Question: When the nurse observes a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia, the patient generally acquires this pneumonia:
44. Question: A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in this patient?
45. Question: Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.)

Week 4

46. Question: A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:
47. Question: A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result of the blockage, blood would first back up into the:
48. Question: A nurse is teaching about the heart. Which information should the nurse include? The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the:
49. Question: When a staff member asks where venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into, what is the best response by the nurse? The:
50. Question: While viewing the electrocardiogram, the nurse recalls the _____ conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum.
51. Question: While planning care for a heart patient, which principle should the nurse recall? Right ventricular afterload is affected by:
52. Question: When a nursing student wants to know where the primary cardiovascular control center is located, what is the nurse’s best response? In the:
53. Question: A nurse is evaluating the direct end effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Which principle should the nurse remember?
54. Question: When a patient wants to know about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, what is the nurse’s best response? Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II happens in the:
55. Question: A staff member asks a nurse what foam cells are. What is the nurse’s best response? Foam cells in a fatty streak are:
56. Question: Most cases of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and are documented on the chart as _____ hypertension.
57. Question: A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience?
58. Question: What term should the nurse document for a detached blood clot?
59. Question: A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The nurse assesses for myocardial:
60. Question: A 49-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial?
61. Question: A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred?
62. Question: Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses:
63. Question: Promotes inflammation
64. Question: A 68-year-old is admitted to emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. A nurse realizes the patient’s symptoms are mainly the result of:
65. Question: Which individual should the nurse assess initially for a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
66. Question: A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in:
67. Question: Leukocytosis can be defined as:
68. Question: In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse assesses for active bleeding after intravascular clotting because:

Week 5

69. Question: All of the following may result in dysphagia EXCEPT:
70. Question: A client with GERD complains about having difficulty sleeping at night. Appropriate intervention would be:
71. Question: To limit symptoms of GERD, the nurse should advise the client to:
72. Question: A client with a peptic ulcer in the duodenum would probably describe the associated pain as:
73. Question: Crohn’s Disease differs pathologically from ulcerative colitis in that ulcerative colitis:
74. Question: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis both:
75. Question: The primary life-threatening complication of appendicitis is:
76. Question: Carcinoma of the stomach is:
77. Question: Warning signs of colon cancer include:

Week 6

78. Question: Which cells are responsible for secreting the organic matrix of bone?
79. Question: The action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is to:
80. Question: Which hormone is responsible for increasing serum calcium?
81. Question: A man has a lung tumor that is secreting high levels of PTH. What complication would I expect to see in him?
82. Question: Generally, fibrous joints are:
83. Question: A major concern with a compound fracture is:
84. Question: All of the following are symptoms of compartment syndrome EXCEPT:
85. Question: A health history and physical assessment on a client with rheumatoid arthritis may reveal which of the following assessment data?
86. Question: The joints most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis are:
87. Question: Osteoarthritis is:
88. Question: Which gland produces growth hormone?
89. Question: What is the major effect of aldosterone?
90. Question: Which can cause acromegaly?
91. Question: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by:
92. Question: The nurse is establishing a plan of care for a client newly admitted with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The priority nursing diagnosis for this client would be which of the following:
93. Question: Enlargement of the thyroid gland is
94. Question: Which is caused by hyperthyroidism?
95. Question: In type 1 diabetes mellitus the cause is:
96. Question: What is the effect of glucagon?
97. Question: A sign of early diabetic nephropathy is:
98. Question: The best lab test to monitor how well a diabetic’s blood sugar levels have been managed over time is:
99. Question: Signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except:
100. Question: What is the source of glucocorticoids?
101. Question: Hypothyroidism manifestations include:
102. Question: Classic manifestations seen with Cushing syndrome include all of the following except:

Week 7

103. Question: The lipid coat that surrounds sensory and motor neurons is called:
104. Question: The blood-brain barrier
105. Question: The toughest, outermost layer of the meninges is the:
106. Question: Complex thought processes are carried out by the
107. Question: The brain’s normal response to an increase in metabolism or a decrease in arterial perfusion pressure is to:
108. Question: The earliest indicator of compromised neurologic functioning is usually:
109. Question: Which of the following responses represents the worst neurological status?
110. Question: The nurse understands that hemiplegia involves:
111. Question: Which causes destruction of the myelin sheath?
112. Question: A motor disorder caused by a deficiency of dopamine is
113. Question: Which is an obvious sign of Parkinson’s disease?
114. Question: Characteristics of epidural hematoma include:
115. Question: Seizures are classified as general when they:
116. Question: A CT scan is done on admission to the ED when the suspected diagnosis is a cerebral vascular accident. The purpose of the CT is to determine whether the stroke is:
117. Question: Following a grand mal seizure, the client is unconscious and unresponsive when the nurse tries to awaken the client. The nurse takes which of the following actions?