Description

1. Which of the following changes in the airways is most likely responsible for the reversible airflow limitation seen in asthma? Group of answer choices
2. Which of the following statements best distinguishes bronchiectasis from other obstructive lung diseases? Group of answer choices
3. An adult man presents with excessive daytime His wife reports that he snores loudly every night. The patient’s BMI is 32 kg/m2. He denies any history of smoking or alcohol consumption. Which of the following pathophysiologic mechanisms is the primary factor contributing to his likely diagnosis? Group of answer choices
4. A patient with emphysema undergoes pulmonary function When assessing their lung mechanics, you would expect to find: Group of answer choices
5. An adult patient presents to the nurse practitioner with symptoms of a pulmonary Which physiologic changes are likely occurring? Group of answer choices
6. An older adult patient presents with a 10-year history of chronic cough and sputum production, particularly in the She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 45 years but quit last year. Spirometry indicates a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65. Which of the following pathophysiological processes is most directly responsible for the excessive mucus production observed in this condition? Group of answer choices
7. An older adult woman with chronic bronchitis presents for a routine check-up. Laboratory tests reveal an increased Which of the following best describes the cause of this laboratory abnormality? Group of answer choices
8. A young adult woman develops episodes of shortness of breath and bilateral expiratory wheezing whenever she is around Which of the following pathophysiological changes is most consistent with her presentation? Group of answer choices
9. Within which of the following airway structures does the transition point between conducting and respiratory zones occur? Group of answer choices
10. An adult patient is admitted to the ICU with severe pancreatitis. During the hospital stay, they develop sudden-onset severe dyspnea and hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates are seen on chest X-ray, and lab results show a decreased PaO2/FiO2 ratio. An echocardiogram is not indicative of heart failure. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism behind refractory hypoxemia seen in this condition? Group of answer choices
11. During a surgical procedure, the surgeon is working close to the respiratory A structure is identified that has cartilage and contains glands in its submucosa. The structure is most likely: Group of answer choices
12. An older adult patient presents with a five-year history of breathlessness which has been progressively He has smoked cigarettes for the past 30 years. Spirometry indicates a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65. Which of the following elements is part of the characterization of his likely condition? Group of answer choices
13. During a sleep study, an older adult woman with a history of stroke exhibits periodic cessation of both airflow and respiratory effort while sleeping. This patient’s clinical presentation is most indicative of: Group of answer choices
14. An adult patient presents with persistent productive cough, dyspnea, and frequent respiratory A high-resolution CT scan reveals dilated and thick-walled bronchi. Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis underlying these changes? Group of answer choices